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		Bagan 
		Myanmar Burma

      

		
      	Yangon  
      Mandalay  
      Bagan

          

			Bagan 
      , formerly Pagan, formally titled Arimaddanapura (the City of the Enemy 
      Crusher) and also known as Tambadipa (the Land of Copper) or Tassadessa 
      (the Parched Land), was the ancient capital of several ancient kingdoms in 
      Myanmar. It is located in the dry central plains of the country, on the 
      eastern bank of the Ayeyarwady River, 145 kilometres (90 miles) southwest 
      of Mandalay. 

      

		
      UNESCO has unsuccessfully tried to designate Bagan as a World Heritage 
      Site. The military junta (SPDC) has haphazardly restored ancient stupas, 
      temples and buildings, ignoring original architectural styles and using 
      modern materials that bear no resemblance to the original designs. 
      Likewise, the junta has established a golf course, a paved highway, and is 
      about to open a 61-metre (200-ft) watchtower in the southeastern suburb of 
      Minnanthu.

      

		The 
      ruins of Bagan cover an area of 16 square miles. The majority of its 
      buildings were built in the 1000s to 1200s, during the time Bagan was the 
      capital of the First Burmese Empire. It was not until King Pyinbya moved 
      the capital to Bagan in 874 A.D that it became a major city. However, in 
      Burmese tradition, the capital shifted with each reign, and thus Bagan was 
      once again abandoned until the reign of Anawrahta. 

      

        

          
          

          

            

               

            

          

          

      

		In 
      1057, King Anawrahta conquered the Mon capital of Thaton, and brought back 
      the Tripitaka Pali scriptures, Buddhist monks and craftsmen and all of 
      these were made good use of in order to transform Bagan into a religious 
      and cultural centre. With the help of a monk from Lower Burma, Anawrahta 
      made Theravada Buddhism a kind of state religion, and the king also 
      established contacts with Sri Lanka. 

      

		In the 
      12th and 13th centuries, Bagan became a truly cosmopolitan centre of 
      Buddhist studies, attracting monks and students from as far as India, Sri 
      Lanka as well as the Thai and Khmer kingdoms. In 1287, the kingdom fell to 
      the Mongols, after refusing to pay tribute to Kublai Khan. Abandoned by 
      the Burmese king and perhaps sacked by the Mongols, the city declined as a 
      political centre, but continued to florish as a place of Buddhist 
      scholarship.

		
      		Yangon  
      Mandalay  
      Bagan

        

      

      		
    

  

  





  

  

    

      
      
						
						 
    

  

  





  

  

    

      
      
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